Survey on Security Issues and Protective Measures in Different Layers of Internet of Things (IoT)

In general perspective, Internet of things is defined as a network of physical objects by connecting” things to things” through the sensors, actuators and processors, to communicate and exchange data and information among each other along with other related devices and systems spread over different locations, without human-to-human or human-to-computer interactions. This survey summarises all the security threats along with privacy issues that may be confronted by the end users in Internet of Things (IoT). The majority of survey is to gather information about the current security requirements for IoT, the further scope and the challenges in IoT and the measures to prevent attacks upon the IoT systems

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTI-OXIDATIVE AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROOT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Objective: The present investigation explores the possibilities of using the in vitro and in vivo root and leaf extracts of Withania somnifera for anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: In vitro shoot cultures of Withania somnifera were raised by the axillary proliferation in nodal explants from a garden grown plant using Murashige and Skoog medium then in vitro raised roots and shoots were used for the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic experiment. After 72 h of STZ administration, the fasting blood glucose levels were measured and the rats showing FBG level>220 mg/dl were considered to be diabetic and were used for the hyperglycemic study. In vitro and in vivo methanolic root and leaf extracts were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for eight weeks. After the treatment period, blood glucose and serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein-bound cholesterol, LDH, serum protein level, total phenolics and anti-oxidative analysis (DPPH and FRAP) were determined.Results: The levels of blood glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, HDL-c significantly increased by the use of in vitro methanolic root extracts compared to normal control rats. However, remarkable loss of total protein, albumin, albumin: globulin (A: G) ratio was reported in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by using in vitro root extracts. Methanolic in vitro root extract at the dose levels of 300 mg/kg body weight produced a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by 102.65 with respect to initial fasting blood glucose level after 30 d of the treatment. In vitro root extract demonstrated highest DPPH and FRAP free radical scavenging activity, i.e. 86.55±1.77 and 48.87±2.55 than other extracts.Conclusion: It may be concluded that methanolic in vitro root extract W. somnifera at the dose (300 mg/kg) has more potent anti-hyperglycaemic activity than the other in vitro and in vivo extracts of leaf and root on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and was also found to be similar in effect to that of the standard drug ‘Glibenclamide'

Evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of seeds of Syzyzium cumini on experimental animal models

Syzyzium cumini (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen tropical tree mostly found in South East Asia. Extracts of fruits and seeds are extensively used in the treatment of diabetes. Other folkloric uses include treatment of cold, cough, fever, skin problem and genitourinary tract ulcer. The present study evaluated the anti-ulcer activity of the seeds of S. cumini against different ulcer models in rats. The anti-ulcer activity of the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of S. cumini seed was evaluated in ethanol, pylorus ligation, Aspirin + pylorus ligation and stress-induced gastric ulcer model. The study biomarkers used were gastric volume, pH, ulcer index and free acidity. The extract and fraction at the dose level of 200 mg/kg caused a significant (P <0.05) reduction in the ulcer index, free acidity while there was an increase in the pH value of the test in comparison to the solvent control group. Experimentally, it was observed that animals who received ethyl acetate fraction had relatively improved protection of gastric ulcer as demonstrated by different biomarkers. The present study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of S. cumini seed possesses potential anti-ulcer activity. This may be due to a linear relationship between the antioxidant value of the seeds as reported earlier by several authors due to rich in phenolic compounds, which in turn is responsible for mucosal cytoprotection of the stomach and hence, participate in the enhancement of mucosal defence mechanism

Evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of seeds of Syzyzium cumini on experimental animal models

431-436Syzyzium cumini (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen tropical tree mostly found in South East Asia. Extracts of fruits and seeds are extensively used in the treatment of diabetes. Other folkloric uses include treatment of cold, cough, fever, skin problem and genitourinary tract ulcer. The present study evaluated the anti-ulcer activity of the seeds of S. cumini against different ulcer models in rats. The anti-ulcer activity of the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of S. cumini seed was evaluated in ethanol, pylorus ligation, Aspirin + pylorus ligation and stress-induced gastric ulcer model. The study biomarkers used were gastric volume, pH, ulcer index and free acidity. The extract and fraction at the dose level of 200 mg/kg caused a significant (P <0.05) reduction in the ulcer index, free acidity while there was an increase in the pH value of the test in comparison to the solvent control group. Experimentally, it was observed that animals who received ethyl acetate fraction had relatively improved protection of gastric ulcer as demonstrated by different biomarkers. The present study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of S. cumini seed possesses potential anti-ulcer activity. This may be due to a linear relationship between the antioxidant value of the seeds as reported earlier by several authors due to rich in phenolic compounds, which in turn is responsible for mucosal cytoprotection of the stomach and hence, participate in the enhancement of mucosal defence mechanism

Mapping of Civil Engineering Research Output at IIT Bombay during 2006-2016

This paper evaluates research output of Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay for the period 2006-2016. An analysis of 734 documents pertaining to IIT Bombay as reflected in Scopus Database has been made based on Scientometric principles . This study aims to find out year wise growth of publications, cumulative growth and annual growth rate, types of documents, preferred source for publication and degree of collaboration

Mapping of Civil Engineering Research Output at IIT Bombay during 2006-2016

This paper evaluates research output of Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay for the period 2006-2016. An analysis of 734 documents pertaining to IIT Bombay as reflected in Scopus Database has been made based on Scientometric principles . This study aims to find out year wise growth of publications, cumulative growth and annual growth rate, types of documents, preferred source for publication and degree of collaboration

Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetodielectric Properties of Bi-Based Modified Ceramic Composites

In this chapter, we introduce a promising composite material, which can be used as a potential candidate in the field of charge storage, sensors, and spintronic devices. The structural, magnetic, and magnetodielectric properties of the pure cum composite samples are investigated. The Rietveld refinement of the X-ray data confirmed the presence of a single (A21am) and mixed phases (A21am + R-3c + Pbam) in the pure and composite sample, correspondingly. The SEM microstructure suggests the contrasting nature of the homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of grains in the corresponding pure and composite sample. The magnetic properties of the composite sample increase due to the enhanced exchange interaction between the different magnetic ions. The frequency-dependent dielectric subjected to a constant magnetic field indicates the signature of magnetodielectric (MD) coupling for both the samples. The field variation of the MD loop shows the symmetric hysteresis loop in the composite due to the addition of magnetostrictive La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 and the non-collinear antiferromagnetic Bi2Fe4O9 phase. The maximum value of MD% (~0.12%) is enhanced by ~13 times in the composite than in the pure sample. Therefore, the improved MD coupling and symmetric switching of the MD loop of the composite make it a suitable candidate for low power consumption storage devices